Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment

This 1978 image depicts what at that time was the CDC's Biocontainment Laboratory facility.

Thrassis bacci johnsoni 41 days after infection with Pasteurella (Yersinia) pestis.

Thrassis bacci johnsoni 38 days after being infected with Pasteurella (Yersinia) pestis.

Xenopsylla cheopis, oriental rat flea, with a proventricular plague mass.

A man setting traps for rats during a plague study.

A Public Health Quarantine Station in San Francisco, 1961.

Scanning electron micrograph of a laboratory-grown potable water biofilm, with the presence of H. vermiformis cysts.

Scanning electron micrograph of a laboratory-grown potable water biofilm.

Scanning electron micrograph of a Staphylococcus biofilm on the inner surface of a needleless connector.

A lab technician measuring inhibition zones in antibiotic susceptibility testing.

A Gram-stained urethral exudate from a male patient with urethritis; note the Gram-negative pleomorphic extracellular organisms.

A urethral exudate from a male patient with urethritis; note the presence of Gram-negative N. gonorrhoeae organisms.

A photomicrograph of a urethral exudate revealing the presence of Gram-negative N. gonorrhoeae organisms.

Gram stain, urethral exudate, from male with urethritis; note the lack of gram negative intracellular diplococci.

A photomicrograph revealing Treponema carateum bacteria obtained from an early pinta lesion; magnified 540X.

A photograph of plague laboratory buildings at a CDC San Francisco, CA. field station.

Men conducting a plague study in the San Francisco area by capturing vector-carrying rodents.

Earlier educational material demonstrating the technique for collecting an acceptable blood spot specimen from an infant’s heel.

An example of a standard infant blood specimen card indicating the essential information that is normally requested.

A technician is placing a Western blot strip in a test tray. Antigens if present will bind to this sheet and later be detected.

Trypticase soy broth culture of Enterobacter sakazakii (right), and Enterobacter cloacae (left).

This image shows the varying sized inhibition zones resulting from an antibiotic sensitivity test.

This image shows a lab technician measuring the zone of inhibition during an antibiotic sensitivity test.

These antibiotic sensitivity tests are performed on various densities of Müeller Hinton inoculum.

An antibiotic sensitivity test to determine the optimum pH needed to inhibit the growth of a specific organism.

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This laboratorian is diluting an amniotic fluid cell culture using fetal calf serum under a vertical laminar-flow hood.

This lab technician is grinding food with a mortar and pestle from which botulinal toxin will be extracted.

This laboratorian is shown placing an amniotic fluid cell culture into a CO2 incubator.

This lab technician is analyzing the cell growth of amniotic fluid cell cultures by quantifying the changes in cell numbers.

This scientist is shown analyzing the karyotype derived from an amniotic fluid cell culture.

This laboratorian is shown photographing metaphase spreads in an amniotic fluid cell culture.

This lab technician is shown cutting apart the karyotype profiles derived from amniotic fluid cell culture.

These laboratorians are shown preparing and analyzing karyotypes of amniotic fluid cell cultures.

This laboratorian is pipetting sterilized amniotic fluid using a contained, sterile ventilation hood.

These laboratorians are shown printing out metaphase spreads during chromosomal analysis of amniotic fluid cell cultures.

Here a technician is examining a film negative for suitable “spreads” during chromosomal analysis of amniotic fluid.

This technician is applying additional medium to an amniotic fluid cell culture under a vertical laminar-flow hood.

This lab technician is shown checking for mitotic activity in amniotic fluid cell colonies under an inverted scope.

This laboratorian is shown placing a Falcon™ Flask with amniotic fluid cells under a vertical laminar-flow hood.

This parasitology lab technician is shown cleaning microscope slides with an alcohol solution.

This lab technician is shown preparing a smear from a fresh, unpreserved fecal specimen.

This is one step in the preparation of a smear from a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)-fixed specimen.

Here lab technician Mary Flemister is seen performing tests on vials containing blood.

This lab technician is checking the cell growth rates of amniotic fluid cell cultures.

Here CDC laboratorian, David Lanty, is shown mounting insect specimens on microscope slides.

This is a photograph of laboratorian David McLaughlin, formerly of the CDC’s Mycology Division, Bureau of Labs.

This is a photograph of Dr. William Kaplan, formerly of the CDC’s Mycology Division, Bureau of Labs.

Here are two laboratorians, Ms. Maxine Clark and David McLaughlin, formerly of the CDC’s Mycology Division, Bureau of Labs.

Here, laboratorian Mrs. Virginia Sherall, formerly of the CDC’s Mycology Division, Bureau of Labs carries out an investigation.

This medical technologist is obtaining a blood specimen from a patient during a test for L. pneumophila bacterium.

This photograph shows the inside of the lid of an Oxoid jar with the catalase screen attached.

This is a photograph of an Oxoid jar with its plates and gas pack generator for the creation of an anaerobic environment.

Here a medical technologist is obtaining a blood specimen from a patient during a test for L. pneumophila bacterium.

This microbiologist is examining media for the presence of colonies of Legionella sp. under a dissecting microscope.

This is a photograph of a laboratorian working with a Beckman DGB Spectrophotometer.

These laboratorians are preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening.

This laboratorian is preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening.

This laboratorian is checking egg yolk agar for lipase-positive growth of C. botulinum colonies.

This lab researcher is checking for the presence of C. botulinum during the microscopic examination of a food suspension.

This laboratorian is testing for the confirmation of botulism toxin.

This image depicts test tubes containing the pH indicator, Phenol red.

This scientist is viewing a Legionella sp. using direct fluorescent antibody staining and an epi-illumination microscope.

This image depicts two dropper bottles of iodine (Lt.), and saline (Rt.) used in a parasitology laboratory.

This photograph reveals some of the materials used in parasitologic studies.

This is a Coplin jar containing iodine and alcohol.

This laboratorian is treating thick blood films with a methylene-blue phosphate solution in a parasitology lab.

This laboratorian is staining a thick blood film using the Giemsa stain technique in a parasitology lab.

A technician is staining a thick blood film with a Giemsa applicator stick in a parasitology lab.

This bottle contains an iodine/alcohol solution used in staining fecal smears in a parasitology lab.

These are some of the materials used during fixation of thin blood films and Giemsa staining in a parasitology lab.

This is a photograph of PVA-fixed (polyvinyl chloride) fecal smears ready for staining.

This photograph depicts the appearance of three un-preserved fecal smears ready for permanent staining.

Photograph of microbiologist placing cultures of Legionella pneumophila in CO2 incubator.

This photograph shows the materials used for a trichrome stain technique when doing direct wet mount preparations of feces.

Here a laboratorian is presenting the steps necessary in mounting mosquito larvae for analysis.

This laboratorian is preparing specimens in order to confirm the presence of botulinum toxin.

This Presumpto II quadrant plate developed by the CDC’s Anaerobe Section, is showing reactivity in all four quadrants.

This Presumpto II quadrant plate developed by the CDC’s Anaerobe Section, is showing a positive deoxyribonuclease reaction.

This is a Presumpto II quadrant plate developed by the CDC’s Anaerobe Section for the identification of anaerobic organisms.

This image depicts reactions within a Presumpto II quadrant plate used in a mycology lab procedure.

This is a 35ml syringe with a rubber band around the plunger for shipping, containing an amniotic fluid specimen.

Here Dr. Joseph McCormick, CDC, (left) is in Segbwema, Sierra Leone during a Lassa fever investigation.

“Gabriel”, a laboratory technician is seen here working in a Kenema, Sierra Leone lab during a Lassa fever investigation.

Here, Shirley Ross is working at a microscope in a Kenema, Sierra Leone laboratory during a Lassa fever investigation.

This was the Lassa fever research staff in Segbwema, Sierra Leone during a past Lassa fever investigation.

Jusu, here in a Segbwema, Sierra Leone laboratory is looking through a microscope during a Lassa fever investigation.

This image depicts the equipment necessary in the preparation of mosquitoes for mounting.

This image depicts a 35ml syringe containing amniotic fluid.

Here amniotic fluid is about to undergo centrifugation in preparation for microvillar enzyme analysis.

This laboratorian is demonstrating the removal of a Falcon™ Flask top with a “hot” wire during an amniotic fluid test.

This photograph depicts a 15ml centrifuge tube containing a pellet of amniotic fluid cells.

This photograph depicts a 25 sq. cm. Falcon™ Flask containing stained colonies of amniotic fluid cells elements.

This photograph depicts the lab supplies used in making thick and thin blood films.

This is a 1970 photograph inside a hospital room depicting a wall-mounted suction bottle.

The 25 sq. cm. Falcon™ Flask on the left had its top removed using a “hot” wire during an amniotic fluid test.

Pre-stain technique – Step 2 of 5. See PHIL ID#’s: 3431, 3572, 3432, 3565, 3428 for the complete set.

This laboratorian is demonstrating the characteristics of Legionnaires’ disease within tissue.

This lab tech is dispensing sera into microtiter plates to test for the presence of L. pneumophilia antibodies.

This microbiologist is inoculating charcoal yeast extract agar with a specimen suspected of containing Legionella spp..

This laboratorian is conducting a fetal hemoglobin test.

This Presumpto II quadrant plate developed by the CDC’s Anaerobe Section, is showing a positive starch hydrolysis reaction.

This is a side view of a typical light microscope with a substage condenser in place to focus the illumination beam.

This laboratorian is shown removing blood serum aliquots from production stock inventory.

Pictured here is a set of Coplin jars used in the trichrome stain procedure.

This 1970 photograph depicts a mycology lab training kit containing stock cultures, audio tapes, 2 X 2 slides, and manuals.

This 1974 photograph depicts the Automated Reagin Test (ART) equipment, used in syphilis screening.

This inverted microscope was used in a CDC facility laboratory.

This was a metabolic inhibition test for Mycoplasma hominis, strain W2 versus another strain-immune sera.

This image depicts metabolic broth tubes of Mycoplasma hominis showing color changes based on metabolic activity levels.

This 1974 photograph depicts an apparatus used in the air evaporation of volatile solvents.

This 1975 photograph shows a large gas pak jar with its lid secured.

This 1974 photograph shows laboratorian working with an LKB automatic enzyme processor.

This 1977 photograph depicts the LKB, Micromedic, and Cornwall liquid dispensers.

This 1969 photograph depicts the Automated Reagin Test (ART) equipment used in syphilis screening.

These are Mycoplasma broth tubes containing T-strain broth showing color changes.

This laboratorian is retrieving specimens from a freezer during a laboratory training session.

This image of bacteriologist Dr. Ida A. Bengston (1881-1952), was taken from the U.S. Public Health Service records.

This 1978 image depicts a GasPak generator envelope, and 3 generator tablets, showing how they appear inside the envelope.

This 1974 photograph depicts a laboratorian conducting research in a CDC NIOSH facility.

This is the type of OF (oxidative-fermentative) glucose reaction expected from a non-oxidative, non-fermentative organism.

This urease test was used in the taxonomic identification of Mycobacteria spp. bacteria.

This was a urease test for taxonomic identification of Mycobacteria spp..

This candle jar contains specimens to be analyzed having been grown in a CO2 enriched atmosphere.

This was a urease test for taxonomic identification of Mycobacteria spp..

Here a technician is examining an embryonated chicken in order to determine the viability of the embryo inside.

Using the API® system, here 50 wells have been inoculated with Clostridium ramosum.

This image depicts two Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) slant cultures with a fermentative reaction (Lt.) vs. non-fermentative (Rt.).

This strip of API® wells was inoculated with Bifidobacterium eriksonii, also called Actinomyces eriksonii.

This culture test shows the results of a dicarboxylase reaction of an oxidative organism.

The Minitek® System consists of disposable well plates that are used to hold disks impregnated with biochemical substrates.

This 1980 image is a frontal and rear view of a BBL® GasPak generator.

This is a BBL® anaerobe jar lid with its accompanying O-ring and clamp used to assemble the anaerobic transport system.

These are the contents of an Anaerobic Culturette® package made by the Marion Scientific Corporation.

This is a photograph of an anaerobic jar (right) depicting the procedure for changing its catalyst screen.

This is a Bio-Bag® (Type C) zip lock bag made by Marion Scientific Corporation with a CO2 generator.

This is a properly lit dissecting microscope used to examine bacterial colonies grown on laboratory culture media.

This is a BBL® lid to be used with an anaerobe jar showing the catalyst screen, and a measured amount of catalyst.

This strip of API® wells was inoculated with Clostridium perfringens.

This is a Lowenstein-Jensen medium culture tube growing Blastomyces dermatitidis or Ajellomyces dermatitidis.

These Enterobacteriaceae cultures show positive oxidation, and negative fermentation reactivity in glucose medium.

This is a 1976 photograph of a 25 well-plate ideal for the automation of biochemical reactions.

This test for Enterobacteriaceae shows that both oxidation and fermentation reactions were negative.

This laboratorian is demonstrating the removal of a Falcon™ Flask top with a “hot” wire during an amniotic fluid test.

This lab technician is recording the appearance of amniotic fluid cultures under an inverted microscope.

Here a GasPak jar with tubes and plates is connected to a board with its vacuum, gas outlets and gauge.

This image depicts laboratory products involved in the freezing, lyophilizing, storing, and shipping of anaerobic bacteria.

This photograph depicts a few laboratory products involved in storing and shipping anaerobic bacterial specimens.

This photograph depicts a gonorrhea culture plate that has been inoculated using a cross-streaking method.

Here a technician is inoculating a gonorrhea culture plate using a cross-streaking pattern.

This technician is collecting an intraurethral specimen, which is to be tested for gonorrhea or non-specific urethritis.

This photograph shows the collection of a specimen from a male suspected of having gonorrhea.

Here a technician is about to collect an intraurethral specimen to be tested for gonorrhea, or non-specific urethritis.

This patient presented with a positive reaction to the 48-hour Mantoux test.

This patient is shown measuring his reaction site 48-hours after receiving a Mantoux test.

This is a photograph of a four prong instrument used to administer the Tuberculin Tine Test.

This technician is collecting of a specimen from a male suspected of having gonorrhea.

Here Martha Redus is practicing appropriate laboratory technique while conducting tests for L. pneumophilia.

Here a laboratory technician is using a dissecting type of microscope to view a Legionella pneumophilia culture specimen.

Here a laboratorian is inoculating charcoal yeast culture plates with a suspected Legionella pneumophilia inoculum.

The left bottle Histoplasma capsulatum culture growth is shown at 8wks and the right bottle is shown at 3wks.

This 1970 photograph shows a radiologic health sanitarian with a Geiger counter surveying an x-ray machine in a clinic.

This was a Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility test done on an agar medium.

This is a clinician obtaining a human blood sample from a child during an arbovirus study.

The CDC clinician shown here is using a “Vacutainer ™” to obtain a blood sample during an arbovirus study.

This photograph shows a CDC clinician attaching an identification label to a “Vacutainer ™” containing a blood sample.

This CDC clinician is sealing collected virus specimens within a tin can for shipping to a research facility.

This horse was displaying symptoms of the arboviral disease Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE).

This clinician is bleeding a horse’s jugular vein to test it for the arboviral disease, Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE).

This photograph shows an individual setting up a steel trap during an arboviral field study.

This photograph depicts a Havahart® animal trap used during an arboviral study.

This is an aluminum Sherman Trap®, which was used to capture animals live during a 1974 arboviral study.

This was a home-made animal trap made out of an oil can, which was used to trap mice in an arbovirus study.

This individual was applying peanut butter to a Sherman Trap® to trap animals during a 1974 arbovirus study.

This Sherman Trap® was set alongside a log in order to trap animals that were subsequently tested for arboviruses.

This rabbit was caught in a National Trap®, and was later tested during an arbovirus study.

This dry ice set-up was used to anesthetize small mammals caught in the field during a 1974 arbovirus study.

Here a small mammal is being transferred from a Sherman Trap® to an anesthesia jar containing dry ice.

This field clinician is shown handling an anesthetized rat that was tested during a 1974 arbovirus study.

This clinician is shown extracting blood from a rodent for the purpose of testing the sample during a 1974 arbovirus study.

This clinician is extracting blood via an ocular stick from an anesthetized rodent to be used during a 1974 arbovirus study.

This clinician is discharging blood collected from a small vertebrate during a 1974 arbovirus study via a capillary tube.

This CDC technician is shown here adding diluent to specimens using a Cornwall® pipette during an arbovirus field study.

This CDC field clinician is collection and processing vertebrate blood specimens for subsequent arbovirus studies.

These blood specimens collected from vertebrates during an arbovirus field study are being stored on ice.

Here a field clinician is adding CO2 to anesthetize an animal during a 1974 arbovirus field study.

This field technician is working with field centrifugation equipment, and a portable generator in this 1974 arbovirus study.

This individual is demonstrating the proper procedure of sealing vials using a Wheaton™ crimper.

Here a Constantine bat trap (wire collector) was placed within a cave for collecting bats during a 1974 arbovirus study.

This photograph depicts a bat collection process underway beneath a railroad bridge during a 1974 arbovirus study.

Here numerous bats have been collected within a box, and will later be part of an arbovirus study.

This individual is removing a bird from a net, which was later tested for an arbovirus infection.

This bird was captured within a net, and will later be tested in an arbovirus study.

This bird was captured within a net trap in order to be tested during a 1974 arbovirus study.

This black bag is used to hold, and quiet captured birds to be tested during arbovirus studies.

This doctor in a West African hospital is examining a Lassa fever patient in 1977.

A fish basket like this one is often used as a holding cage for birds that will be later tested during arbovirus studies.

Cannons such as this are used when projecting nets during the capture of large birds when conducting arbovirus field studies.

This individual will use this cannon-net when capturing large birds during arbovirus field studies.

This photograph shows the firing of cannon nets during the attempted capture of birds during an arbovirus field study.

Here blood is being extracted from the jugular vein of this bird, and will later be tested for the presence of arbovirus.

Here blood is being extracted from the wing vein of a pigeon to later be tested for the presence of arboviruses.

This technician is discharging a vertebrate blood sample from a syringe into a test tube to be tested later for arbovirus.

This was a March 16, 1982 Newsweek Magazine cover indicating the resurgence of tuberculosis as a national threat.

Public health advisors here join the CDC with the transfer of the Venereal Disease Control division.

This technician is storing blood samples on wet ice so they may later be tested for the presence of arbovirus.

This bird’s tail is being temporarily marked with red paint for short-term spotting during a 1974 arbovirus field study.

This bird’s tail was marked with red paint for purposes of short-term spotting during an arbovirus field study.

This scientist is looking into a microscope at during a 1980 Legionnaire’s disease study.

This historical image depicts two American Red Cross employees handing out medical supplies to a woman from a mobile unit.

This image was taken at an outdoor clinic in the Guatemalan town of Tecpan, after a devastating earthquake in 1976.

In this thick film micrograph, an elongated “artifact-spore” closely resembles a P. falciparum gametocyte; Mag. 1125X.

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This electron micrograph, viewed at a low magnification depicts the irregularities in the surface of a biofilm culture material.

This SEM reveals irregularities in the surface of a PC (polycarbonate) biofilm coupon that is growing an E.coli biofilm.

This SEM depicts an E. coli (ATCC 11775) biofilm grown on PC (polycarbonate) material using a CDC biofilm reactor.

This SEM depicts an E. coli (ATCC 11775) biofilm grown on PC (polycarbonate) coupons using a CDC biofilm reactor.

This low-mag SEM depicts an E. coli (ATCC 11775) biofilm on PC (polycarbonate) coupons using a CDC biofilm reactor.

This SEM depicts an E. coli (ATCC 11775) biofilm grown on PC (polycarbonate) coupons using a CDC biofilm reactor.

This low-mag SEM shows surface irregularities in biofilm culture material (polycarbonate) growing P. mirabilis bacteria.

This low-mag SEM reveals surface irregularities in a biofilm coupon growing a 24hr biofilm of P. mirabilis (ATCC 29906).

This SEM depicts a P. mirabilis (ATCC 29906) biofilm growing on PC (polycarbonate) coupons using a CDC biofilm reactor.

This thick film micrograph reveals an artifact, produced by a rounded cold spore that resembles a parasite; Mag. 1125X.

This posteroanterior (PA) chest x-ray was taken 4 mo. after the onset of anthrax in a 46 yr. old male.

This agar petri dish culture is growing ampicillin-resistant E. coli and Proteus sp. bacterial colonies.

These were Arizona sp., E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. lysine iron agar stab cultures.

This triple sugar iron agar (TSI) tested for Salmonella (H2S+) and (H2S-); Citrobacter sp. and S. arizonae.

Here, S. typhi, E. coli, and Proteus sp. bacteria are cultured on bismuth sulfite agar; 48hrs incubation.

Here, S. typhi, E. coli, and Proteus sp. bacteria are cultured on four different culture media.

Thayer-Martin medium is used when transporting or isolating N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitides bacteria.

This was a case of trichomonas vaginitis revealing a copious purulent discharge emanating from the cervical os.

This presentation highlights the history, chemistry, and uses of ricin, a highly toxic poison made from castor beans.

This photo depicts Pakistani malaria control workers undergoing skin patch testing during a 1976 malathion poison study.

This photo depicts a Pakistani malaria control worker undergoing skin patch testing during a 1977 malathion poison study.

This image depicts a Pakistani malaria control worker undergoing skin patch testing during a 1976 malathion poison study.

This Pakistani malaria program staffer is testing blood samples from malaria control workers in a 1977 malathion poison study.

This local Pakistani man is having his blood tested during a 1977 malathion poison study.

This photomicrograph reveals herpes virus antibodies (green) detected here using immunofluorescent (IF) staining technique.

This photograph shows Enterotube® reactions that were part of an enteric pathogen biochemical laboratory study.

Note the lid of this yellow gas-pak jar outfitted with a catalyst screen, and 2 beakers labeled “New” and “Used” catalyst.

The physician on the right is conducting a diabetes eye exam on a patient inflicted with diabetes.

This photograph shows researchers at work in a CDC laboratory identifying the cause of an infectious disease outbreak.

This CDC laboratorian is shown pipetting specimens while he’s conducting laboratory research.

Using immunoelectron microscopic technique, one is able to discern the morphologic traits of the Coxsackie B4 virus virions.

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